Skip to content 
Tooth decay is a common issue, but modern dentistry has come a long way in fighting cavities. Instead of the old “drill and fill” method, dentists now focus on personalized prevention based on your individual risk factors. This proactive approach helps reduce future decay more effectively.
How Tooth Decay Happens
Your mouth is an ecosystem where bacteria, teeth, and saliva interact. The enamel (outer layer of your teeth) is made of minerals like calcium and phosphate, and it is protected by saliva, which helps balance acidity.
When you eat sugary or starchy foods, certain bacteria in plaque (a sticky film on your teeth) produce acid. If the mouth’s pH drops below 5.5, minerals start leaving the enamel, leading to decay. The softer layer under the enamel, called dentin, is even more vulnerable.
Why Do Some People Get More Cavities?
Not everyone is affected by decay the same way. Dr. John Featherstone introduced the “Caries Balance” concept, showing that tooth decay depends on the balance between harmful and protective factors. Just like doctors assess heart disease risk, dentists evaluate your personal risk for cavities and recommend prevention strategies.
Signs of Decay
- Visible cavities – from early microscopic spots to fully developed holes
- X-ray detection – finds decay between teeth early on
- White spots – early signs of enamel weakening, which can be reversed with fluoride
- Past cavities – previous decay increases future risk
Risk Factors for Cavities
- Plaque buildup – visible plaque means more harmful bacteria
- Dry mouth – caused by medications or health conditions, reducing acid protection
- Frequent snacking – especially on sugary or acidic foods
- Dental appliances – retainers and braces can trap bacteria
- Deep grooves in teeth – some people have naturally deeper grooves that hold bacteria
- Acidic foods & drinks – these promote bacteria growth and weaken enamel
- Health conditions – acid reflux, bulimia, and anorexia can cause serious enamel damage
Prevention: Working Together
Preventing tooth decay isn’t just about brushing; it’s about a partnership between you and your dentist. With the right personalized care and healthy habits, you can keep cavities at bay and enjoy long-term oral health.